A treaty of peace between the United States of America, and the tribes
of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas,
Chippewas, Pattawatimas, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos,
Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias.
To put an end to a destructive war, to settle all controversies, and to
restore harmony and friendly intercourse between the said United States
and Indian tribes, Anthony Wayne, major general commanding the army of
the United States, and sole commissioner for the good purposes above
mentioned, and the said tribes of Indians, by their sachems, chiefs, and
warriors, met together at Greenville, the head quarters of the said
army, have agreed on the following articles, which, when ratified by the
President, with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United
States, shall be binding on them and the said Indian tribes.
Art. 1: Henceforth all hostilities shall cease; peace is hereby
established, and shall be perpetual; and a friendly intercourse shall
take place between the said United States and Indian tribes.
Art. 2: All prisoners shall, on both sides, be restored. The Indians,
prisoners to the United States, shall be immediately set at liberty. The
people of the United States, still remaining prisoners among the
Indians, shall be delivered up in ninety days from the date hereof, to
the general or commanding officer at Greenville, fort Wayne, or fort
Defiance; and ten chiefs of the said tribes shall remain at Greenville
as hostages, until the delivery of the prisoners shall be effected.
Art. 3: The general boundary line between the lands of the United States
and the lands of the said Indian tribes, shall begin at the mouth of
Cayahoga river, and run thence up the same to the portage, between that
and the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum, thence down that branch to
the crossing place above fort Lawrence, thence westerly to a fork of
that branch of the Great Miami river, running into the Ohio, at or near
which fork stood Loromie's store, and where commences the portage
between the Miami of the Ohio, and St. Mary's river, which is a branch
of the Miami which runs into lake Erie; thence a westerly course to fort
Recovery, which stands on a branch of the Wabash; thence southwesterly
in a direct line to the Ohio, so as to intersect that river opposite the
mouth of Kentucke or Cuttawa river. And in consideration of the peace
now established; of the goods formerly received from the United States;
of those now to be delivered; and of the yearly delivery of goods now
stipulated to be made hereafter; and to indemnify the United States for
the injuries and expenses they have sustained during the war, the said
Indian tribes do hereby cede and relinquish forever, all their claims to
the lands lying eastwardly and southwardly of the general boundary line
now described: and these lands, or any part of them, shall never
hereafter be made a cause or pretence, on the part of the said tribes,
or any of them, of war or injury to the United States, or any of the
people thereof.
And for the same considerations, and as an evidence of the returning
friendship of the said Indian tribes, of their confidence in the United
States, and desire to provide for their accommodations, and for that
convenient intercourse which will be beneficial to both parties, the
said Indian tribes do also cede to the United States the following
pieces of land, to wit: 1) One piece of land six miles square, at or
near Loromie's store, before mentioned. 2) One piece two miles square,
at the head of the navigable water or landing, on the St. Mary's river,
near Girty's town. 3) One piece six miles square, at the head of the
navigable water of the Auglaize river. 4) One piece six miles square, at
the confluence of the Auglaize and Miami rivers, where fort Defiance now
stands. 5) One piece six miles square, at or near the confluence of the
rivers St. Mary's and St. Joseph's, where fort Wayne now stands, or near
it. 6) One piece two miles square, on the Wabash river, at the end of
the portage from the Miami of the lake, and about eight miles westward
from fort Wayne. 7) One piece six miles square, at the Ouatanon, or Old
Wea towns, on the Wabash river. 8) One piece twelve miles square, at the
British fort on the Miami of the lake, at the foot of the rapids. 9) One
piece six miles square, at the mouth of the said river, where it empties
into the lake. 10) One piece six miles square, upon Sandusky lake, where
a fort formerly stood. 11) One piece two miles square, at the lower
rapids of Sandusky river. 12) The post of Detroit, and all the land to
the north, the west and the south of it, of which the Indian title has
been extinguished by gifts or grants to the French or English
governments: and so much more land to be annexed to the district of
Detroit, as shall be comprehended between the river Rosine, on the
south, lake St. Clair on the north, and a line, the general course
whereof shall be six miles distant from the west end of lake Erie and
Detroit river. 13) The post of Michilimackinac, and all the land on the
island on which that post stands, and the main land adjacent, of which
the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the Frewnch
or English governments; and a piece of land on the main to the north of
the island, to measure six miles, on lake Huron, or the strait between
lakes Huron and Michigan, and to extend three miles back from the water
of the lake or strait; and also, the Island De Bois Blane, being an
extra and voluntary gift of the Chippewa nation. 14) One piece of land
six miles square, at the mouth of Chikago river, emptying into the
southwest end of lake Michigan, where a fort formerly stood. 15) One
piece twelve miles square, at or near the mouth of the Illinois river,
emptying into the Mississippi. 16) One piece six miles square, at the
old Piorias fort and village near the south end of the Illinois lake, on
said Illinois river. And whenever the United States shall think proper
to survey and mark the boundaries of the lands hereby ceded to them,
they shall give timely notice thereof to the said tribes of Indians,
that they may appoint some of their wise chiefs to attend and see that
the lines are run according to the terms of this treaty.
And the said Indian tribes will allow to the people of the United States
a free passage by land and by water, as one and the other shall be found
convenient, through their country, along the chain of posts hereinbefore
mentioned; that is to say, from the commencement of the portage
aforesaid, at or near Loromie's store, thence along said portage to the
St. Mary's, and down the same to fort Wayne, and then down the Miami, to
lake Erie; again, from the commencement of the portage at or near
Loromie's store along the portage from thence to the river Auglaize, and
down the same to its junction with the Miami at fort Defiance; again,
from the commencement of the portage aforesaid, to Sandusky river, and
down the same to Sandusky bay and lake Erie, and from Sandusky to the
post which shall be taken at or near the foot of the Rapids of the Miami
of the lake; and from thence to Detroit. Again, from the mouth of
Chikago, to the commencement of the portage, between that river and the
Illinois, and down the Illinois river to the Mississippi; also, from
fort Wayne, along the portage aforesaid, which leads to the Wabash, and
then down the Wabash to the Ohio. And the said Indian tribes will also
allow to the people of the United States, the free use of the harbors
and mouths of rivers along the lakes adjoining the Indian lands, for
sheltering vessels and boats, and liberty to land their cargoes where
necessary for their safety.
Art. 4: In consideration of the peace now established, and of the
cessions and relinquishments of lands made in the preceding article by
the said tribes of Indians, and to manifest the liberality of the United
States, as the great means of rendering this peace strong and perpetual,
the United States relinquish their claims to all other Indian lands
northward of the river Ohio, eastward of the Mississippi, and westward
and southward of the Great Lakes and the waters, uniting them, according
to the boundary line agreed on by the United States and the King of
Great Britain, in the treaty of peace made between them in the year
1783. But from this relinquishment by the United States, the following
tracts of land are explicitly excepted:
1st. The tract on one hundred and fifty thousand acres near the rapids
of the river Ohio, which has been assigned to General Clark, for the use
of himself and his warriors.
2nd. The post of St. Vincennes, on the River Wabash, and the lands
adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished.
3rd. The lands at all other places in possession of the French people
and other white settlers among them, of which the Indian title has been
extinguished as mentioned in the 3d article; and
4th. The post of fort Massac towards the mouth of the Ohio. To which
several parcels of land so excepted, the said tribes relinquish all the
title and claim which they or any of them may have.
And for the same considerations and with the same views as above
mentioned, the United States now deliver to the said Indian tribes a
quantity of goods to the value of twenty thousand dollars, the receipt
whereof they do hereby acknowledge; and henceforward every year,
forever, the United States will deliver, at some convenient place
northward of the river Ohio, like useful goods, suited to the
circumstances of the Indians, of the value of nine thousand five hundred
dollars; reckoning that value at the first cost of the goods in the city
or place in the United States where they shall be procured. The tribes
to which those goods are to be annually delivered, and the proportions
in which they are to be delivered, are the following:
1st. To the Wyandots, the amount of one thousand dollars. 2nd. To the
Delawares, the amount of one thousand dollars. 3rd. To the Shawanees,
the amount of one thousand dollars. 4th. To the Miamis, the amount of
one thousand dollars. 5th. To the Ottawas, the amount of one thousand
dollars. 6th. To the Chippewas, the amount of one thousand dollars. 7th.
To the Pattawatimas, the amount of one thousand dollars, and 8th. To the
Kickapoo, Wea, Eel River, Piankeshaw, and Kaskaskia tribes, the amount
of five hundred dollars each.
Provided, that if either of the said tribes shall hereafter, at an
annual delivery of their share of the goods aforesaid, desire that a
part of their annuity should be furnished in domestic animals,
implements of husbandry, and other utensils convenient for them, and in
compensation to useful artificers who may reside with or near them, and
be employed for their benefit, the same shall, at the subsequent annual
deliveries, be furnished accordingly.
Art. 5: To prevent any misunderstanding about the Indian lands
relinquished by the United States in the fourth article, it is now
explicitly declared, that the meaning of that relinquishment is this:
the Indian tribes who have a right to those lands, are quietly to enjoy
them, hunting, planting, and dwelling thereon, so long as they please,
without any molestation from the United States; but when those tribes,
or any of them, shall be disposed to sell their lands, or any part of
them, they are to be sold only to the United States; and until such
sale, the United States will protect all the said Indian tribes in the
quiet enjoyment of their lands against all citizens of the United
States, and against all other white persons who intrude upon the same.
And the said Indian tribes again acknowledge themselves to be under the
protection of the said United States, and no other power whatever.
Art. 6: If any citizen of the United States, or any other white person
or persons, shall presume to settle upon the lands now relinquished by
the United States, such citizen or other person shall be out of the
protection of the United States; and the Indian tribe, on whose land the
settlement shall be made, may drive off the settler, or punish him in
such manner as they shall think fit; and because such settlements, made
without the consent of the United States, will be injurious to them as
well as to the Indians, the United States shall be at liberty to break
them up, and remove and punish the settlers as they shall think proper,
and so effect that protection of the Indian lands herein before
stipulated.
Art. 7: The said tribes of Indians, parties to this treaty, shall be at
liberty to hunt within the territory and lands which they have now ceded
to the United States, without hindrance or molestation, so long as they
demean themselves peaceably, and offer no injury to the people of the
United States.
Art. 8: Trade shall be opened with the said Indian tribes; and they do
hereby respectively engage to afford protection to such persons, with
their property, as shall be duly licensed to reside among them for the
purpose of trade; and to their agents and servants; but no person shall
be permitted to reside among them for the purpose of trade; and to their
agents and servants; but no person shall be permitted to reside at any
of their towns or hunting camps, as a trader, who is not furnished with
a license for that purpose, under the hand and seal of the
superintendent of the department northwest of the Ohio, or such other
person as the President of the United States shall authorize to grant
such licenses; to the end, that the said Indians may not be imposed on
in their trade.* And if any licensed trader shall abuse his privilege by
unfair dealing, upon complaint and proof thereof, his license shall be
taken from him, and he shall be further punished according to the laws
of the United States. And if any person shall intrude himself as a
trader, without such license, the said Indians shall take and bring him
before the superintendent, or his deputy, to be dealt with according to
law. And to prevent impositions by forged licenses, the said Indians
shall, at lease once a year, give information to the superintendent, or
his deputies, on the names of the traders residing among them.
Art. 9: Lest the firm peace and friendship now established, should be
interrupted by the misconduct of individuals, the United States, and the
said Indian tribes agree, that for injuries done by individuals on
either side, no private revenge or retaliation shall take place; but
instead thereof, complaint shall be made by the party injured, to the
other: by the said Indian tribes or any of them, to the President of the
United States, or the superintendent by him appointed; and by the
superintendent or other person appointed by the President, to the
principal chiefs of the said Indian tribes, or of the tribe to which the
offender belongs; and such prudent measures shall then be taken as shall
be necessary to preserve the said peace and friendship unbroken, until
the legislature (or great council) of the United States, shall make
other equitable provision in the case, to the satisfaction of both
parties. Should any Indian tribes meditate a war against the United
States, or either of them, and the same shall come to the knowledge of
the before mentioned tribes, or either of them, they do hereby engage to
give immediate notice thereof to the general, or officer commanding the
troops of the United States, at the nearest post.
And should any tribe, with hostile intentions against the United States,
or either of them, attempt to pass through their country, they will
endeavor to prevent the same, and in like manner give information of
such attempt, to the general, or officer commanding, as soon as
possible, that all causes of mistrust and suspicion may be avoided
between them and the United States. In like manner, the United States
shall give notice to the said Indian tribes of any harm that may be
meditated against them, or either of them, that shall come to their
knowledge; and do all in their power to hinder and prevent the same,
that the friendship between them may be uninterrupted.
Art. 10: All other treaties heretofore made between the United States,
and the said Indian tribes, or any of them, since the treaty of 1783,
between the United States and Great Britain, that come within the
purview of this treaty, shall henceforth cease and become void.
In testimony whereof, the said Anthony Wayne, and the sachems and war
chiefs of the before mentioned nations and tribes of Indians, have
hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals.
Done at Greenville, in the territory of the United States northwest of
the river Ohio, on the third day of August, one thousand seven hundred
and ninety five.
WYANDOTS.
Tarhe, or Crane, his x mark, L.S.
J. Williams, jun. his x mark, L.S.
Teyyaghtaw, his x mark, L.S.
Haroenyou, or half king's son, his x mark, L.S.
Tehaawtorens, his x mark, L.S.
Awmeyeeray, his x mark, L.S.
Stayetah, his x mark L.S.
Shateyyaronyah, or Leather Lips, his x mark, L.S.
Daughshuttayah, his x mark L.S.
Shaawrunthe, his x mark L.S.
DELAWARES.
Tetabokshke, or Grand Glaize King, his x mark, L.S.
Lemantanquis, or Black King, his x mark, L.S.
Wabatthoe, his x mark, L.S.
Maghpiway, or Red Feather, his x mark, L.S.
Kikthawenund, or Anderson, his x mark, L.S.
Bukongehelas, his x mark, L.S.
Peekeelund, his x mark, L.S.
Wellebawkeelund, his x mark, L.S.
Peekeetelemund, or Thomas Adams, his x mark, L.S.
Kishkopekund, or Captain Buffalo, his x mark, L.S.
Amenahehan, or Captain Crow, his x mark, L.S.
Queshawksey, or George Washington, his x mark, L.S.
Weywinquis, or Billy Siscomb, his x mark, L.S.
Moses, his x mark, L.S.
SHAWANEES.
Misquacoonacaw, or Red Pole, his x mark, L.S.
Cutthewekasaw, or Black Hoof, his x mark, L.S.
Kaysewaesekah, his x mark, L.S.
Weythapamattha, his x mark, L.S.
Nianysmeka, his x mark, L.S.
Waytheah, or Long Shanks, his x mark, L.S.
Weyapiersenwaw, or Blue Jacket, his x mark, L.S.
Nequetaughaw, his x mark, L.S.
Hahgoosekaw, or Captain Reed, his x mark, L.S.
OTTAWAS.
Augooshaway, his x mark, L.S.
Keenoshameek, his x mark, L.S.
La Malice, his x mark, L.S.
Machiwetah, his x mark, L.S.
Thowonawa, his x mark, L.S.
Secaw, his x mark, L.S.
CHIPPEWAS.
Mashipinashiwish, or Bad Bird, his x mark, L.S.
Nahshogashe, (from Lake Superior), his x mark, L.S.
Kathawasung, his x mark, L.S.
Masass, his x mark, L.S.
Nemekass, or Little Thunder, his x mark, L.S.
Peshawkay, or Young Ox, his x mark, L.S.
Nanguey, his x mark, L.S.
Meenedohgeesogh, his x mark, L.S.
Peewanshemenogh, his x mark, L.S.
Weymegwas, his x mark, L.S.
Gobmaatick, his x mark, L.S.
OTTAWA.
Chegonickska, an Ottawa from Sandusky, his x mark, L.S.
PATTAWATIMAS OF THE RIVER ST. JOSEPH.
Thupenebu, his x mark, L.S.
Nawac, for himself and brother Etsimethe, his x mark, L.S.
Nenanseka, his x mark, L.S.
Keesass, or Run, his x mark, L.S.
Kabamasaw, for himself and brother Chisaugan, his x mark, L.S.
Sugganunk, his x mark, L.S.
Wapmeme, or White Pigeon, his x mark, L.S.
Wacheness, for himself and brother Pedagoshok, his x mark, L.S.
Wabshicawnaw, his x mark, L.S.
La Chasse, his x mark, L.S.
Meshegethenogh, for himself and brother, Wawasek, his x mark, L.S.
Hingoswash, his x mark, L.S.
Anewasaw, his x mark, L.S.
Nawbudgh, his x mark, L.S.
Missenogomaw, his x mark, L.S.
Waweegshe, his x mark, L.S.
Thawme, or Le Blanc, his x mark, L.S.
Geeque, for himself and brother Shewinse, his x mark, L.S.
PATTAWATIMAS OF HURON.
Okia, his x mark, L.S.
Chamung, his x mark, L.S.
Segagewan, his x mark, L.S.
Nanawme, for himself and brother A. Gin, his x mark, L.S.
Marchand, his x mark, L.S.
Wenameac, his x mark, L.S.
MIAMIS.
Nagohquangogh, or Le Gris, his x mark, L.S.
Meshekunnoghquoh, or Little Turtle, his x mark, L.S.
MIAMIS AND EEL RIVERS.
Peejeewa, or Richard Ville, his x mark, L.S.
Cochkepoghtogh, his x mark, L.S.
EEL RIVER TRIBE.
Shamekunnesa, or Soldier, his x mark, L.S.
MIAMIS.
Wapamangwa, or the White Loon, his x mark, L.S.
WEAS, FOR THEMSELVES AND THE PIANKESHAWS.
Amacunsa, or Little Beaver, his x mark, L.S.
Acoolatha, or Little Fox, his x mark, L.S.
Francis, his x mark, L.S.
KICKAPOOS AND KASKASKIAS.
Keeawhah, his x mark, L.S.
Nemighka, or Josey Renard, his x mark, L.S.
Paikeekanogh, his x mark, L.S.
DELAWARES OF SANDUSKY.
Hawkinpumiska, his x mark, L.S.
Peyamawksey, his x mark, L.S.
Reyntueco, (of the Six Nations, living at Sandusky), his x mark, L.S.
H. De Butts, first A.D.C. and Sec'ry to Major Gen. Wayne,
Wm. H. Harrison, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
T. Lewis, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
James O'Hara, Quartermaster Gen'l.
John Mills, Major of Infantry, and Adj. Gen'l.
Caleb Swan, P.M.T.U.S.
Gen. Demter, Lieut. Artillery,
Vigo, P. Frs. La Fontaine,
Ast. Lasselle, Sworn interpreters.
H. Lasselle, Wm. Wells,
Js. Beau Bien, Jacques Lasselle,
David Jones, Chaplain U.S.S. M. Morins,
Lewis Beaufait, Bt. Sans Crainte,
R. Lachambre, Christopher Miller,
Jas. Pepen, Robert Wilson,
Baties Coutien, Abraham Williams, his x mark
P. Navarre. Isaac Zane, his x mar
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